English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English - Research Paper Example Seeking happiness means setting achievable standards mentally and striving to reach such position regardless of the situation one is. Therefore, I believe that the achievement of happiness is independent of one’s health or wealth, but these can act to impede or make it hard for one to achieve happiness. At the point of starting to be happy, a decision has to be made albeit mentally that the person wishes to achieve happiness. The happiness to be achieved can be attached to the achievement of something else such as a degree or it can be attached to nothing. At times when the happiness is attached to something, the thing that happiness is attached is usually something that a person seeking happiness knows or feels that it will give him contentment. When the achievement of happiness is not attached to the achievement of something else, the person still has to fight emotional battles in order to reach a position of happiness. The standard that one has set to cause happiness depends on the upbringing of the person and also the experiences that a person has to pass through to where he is. Inexperienced persons, and those who did not lack anything in life have a high expectation on happiness and are usually unhappy and discouraged when they do not achieve the standards they have set. Thos e people who have had stricter experiences in life, or those who have had a chance to interact with challenged people in society usually have lesser standards of happiness, and value those things which cannot be bought in life such as good health. A person who has ever been admitted or who has fallen sick because of chronic conditions will appreciate the concept of good health and will be happier when in good health than other people at similar health. It is entirely upon someone to decide that they want to be happy, and happiness is a very subjective matter, and what

Classical Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Classical Argument - Essay Example According to Carey, the National Public Radio, states that college students borrow very huge loans to supplement their stay in college. However, the government is also working very hard to ensure that the rates of borrowing loans for college students are low and the government does not care whether the students have borrowed loans surpassing the one trillion dollars. The government is also intending to double these rates since rumor has it, in order to enable the stay of the students comfortable in college. Eventually, this means that not only will the cost of college fees increases at the WVU university increase but also the amount the students will have to pay back in payment for loans are doubling. This arguments and matters may actually discourage other students anticipating on joining college when especially they think about the increasing cost of Fees and increasing money to pay back as loans after college. Although it is a pleasure that the government gives enough loans to the students, it is an advantage to wise students since they can decide to invest. In this case, the loans will help them positively in a better way. On the other hand, it is a disadvantage for the students will incur many debts with the government and thus it may become a great burden to the students who just do not utilize these loans and thus unless they find jobs on time, it may become very hard to repay the loans. Consequently, several changes have occurred in college tuitions over the last several decades. Tuition at colleges in the current generations cannot have any comparison to the college tuitions in the olden days. Following Feldman’s, Myths and Realities about Rising College Tuition, discusses the changes statistically, historically, and in a way that is not biased. In the past days, college tuition fee used to be very affordable and most people could afford it comfortably as compared to the current days where the college tuition fee is very high for the peasants to afford. This increasing of the cost of the college tuition is due to many factors, which include, one, the rising economy. The increasing cost of life has greatly affected the college tuition fee; this is because of the high prices for food and other household equipments and the increasing needs of the people. This in turn causes the lot of straining to the parents or guardians providing and catering for the college students. On the other hand, in the olden days, very few students qualified to join colleges, and thus this became very convenient for the institutions to provide very affordable accommodation, food and quality tuition at an affordable tuition fee. In addition, the cost of living had not yet risen to greater levels thus parents were very comfortable to pay the tuition fee. On the other hand, the government provided little loans to the students since the government also understood that the cost of life was affordable in comparison to the current cost of life in the colle ges. Life has generally become very demanding and expensive and thus the college students require more money. In the current days also, many students got admissions into colleges hence causing lot congestion into the institutions. The institutions require setting up more structures to accommodate the rising population of the institution

Jackson Pollock's Painting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jackson Pollock's Painting - Assignment Example The paper "Jackson Pollock's Painting" focuses on the paintings of Jackson Pollock. His art is considered as the modern art and shows how the modern artists contributed to a change in creating arts like paintings and sculptures bringing it to the international stage for Avant-garde art. Through Jackson Pollock’s paint on convergence it shows an innovative method of the development in the history of painting. During that time of painting there was cold war between the United States and Russia; convergence painting was a way of expressing freedom of expression. Convergence art was a clear expression showing his feelings as it was an impression on social realism and also overt political gestures as it showed realism. This art by Jackson Pollock shows simplicity in its creation as he mainly use the available art applicants like household’s paint, sand, syringes, knives. Through the convergence painting we can see that it is a way he used in expressing his feelings as he eng ages his body movement thereby bringing a new technology known as active painting in art. It can also be seen that his painting shows originality as he uses his own techniques inputting different light colors which blend well bringing out a great painting. Jackson Pollock developed a unique and by pouring and dripping paint on canvas he tried to create a new technique in painting which was later known as drip technique. He used household’s paints and did not rely on artists painting showing his creativity using different types of paint applicants.

Paid News In India The Cases And Issues Media Essay

Paid News In India The Cases And Issues Media Essay This research aims to conduct a study on media ethics and responsibility in India as regards paid news. One of the main objectives of the research is to identify and critically discuss the cases of various forms of paid news specifically the practice paid news during elections. Therefore, in this part of the paper an attempt is made identify and critically discuss the cases of various forms of paid news specifically the practice paid news during elections. The major cases of paid news are discussed in the forms of the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009, the case of Commonwealth Games and the revelations of Radia tapes. THE CASES and ISSUES In the present day, having population of more than billion India props up just about 70 thousand registered newspapers and more than 450 television channels comprising a number of 247 news channels. By and large, the Indian media generally plays the part of constructive opposition in the Parliament with that of in different Legislative Assemblies of the State. Media persons and particularly newspapers journalists are distinguished and esteemed as the moral guide in the Indian society at large. Whilst the newspapers in Europe and America are trailing their circulation yearly, the Indian print media is even this day going stronger with vast circulation number and market avenues. More importantly in Indian democracy, the media carries on to be celebrated as the fourth vital pillar after judiciary, legislature and bureaucracy (Thakuria, 2010). However, unhappily a cancer in the form of paid news damaged the image and trustworthiness of media in the country, particularly in the recent yea rs. The practice that entails currency in getting dishonorably media space by the recipients continues to be a central issue in India all through the recent past. The caner of paid news is found to be damaging the honour and esteem of the media leading to peoples decreasing trust in reported news and the journalists. As per the Eldeman Trust Barometer Survey (2011, cited from Seetharam, 2011), whereas the trust in media as an establishment went up by 4 percent all through the world, the similar parameter for India fell from 58 percent to 50 percent. This downhill trend has had been persisting ever since the previous three-four years. This trend points toward the rising trust deficit of newspapers and television news channels in India. If this trend continues, the world of Indian media will not be glorified and trusted one. Despite this, every day we come to know about big scandals and fraudulent practices in the form of paid news s nexus between media persons and politicians, and further between media persons and corporate houses. The case of Radia tape is still in our memory and many such cases are concealed because of the involvement of media persons. When media people become corrupt, who will disclose the corruption and wrong doings of politicians and business houses? The unfortunate situation is that despite the condition of being grave the media as a whole is yet to recognise this catastrophe of confidence. Instead of taking the responsibility, the big national media houses and media persons are quiet pleased to blame the language media and other institutions and themselves take up a holier than thou position. The emerging crisis is evidently hurting the wellbeing of Indian democracy , where media as fourth pillar of democracy is expected to play more responsible role. If the fraudulent practice of paid news continues, the trust deficit of newspapers and television news channels in India will fast go up, and it would be nothing to surprise if within two-three years Eldeman Trust Barometer Survey will come out with the result of media trust in Indian going down from 50 percent to 25 percent and even lesser than that. Off course very recently, particularly after the Radia tape case, various leading media persons and media houses have demonstrated their concern as regards the ill practice of paid news, but the predicament is that Indian media is badly under the grip of paid news culture and in order to root out the menace of paid news, there is need strike the prevailing culture of paid news in the mainstream media. Paid news are those news or articles in print or electronic media, which point toward favourable situation for the organization or establishment that has paid for it. In the case of paid news, the news comes much in the form of an advertisement, although devoid of the advertisement tag. This sort of news has been regarded as a stern misconduct in view of the fact that it misleads the populace, not allowing them recognize that the news actually is purposed to advertisement. On the other hand, in such cases of paid news the payment modes generally defies tax laws and election expenditure laws. More badly, it raises electoral issue for the reason that the media has a straight control on voters (Banerjee and Gigani, 2011). The Press Council of India issued guiding principle pertinent to both government authorities and the media during the 15th General Elections to the Lok Sabha hat took place in April-May 2009. Ensuring free and fair coverage by the media was the purpose why Press Council of India issued guiding principle. However, subsequent to the elections, an alarming trend was surfaced by the selected divisions of the media, where journalists from various media houses were found getting currency by candidates in election fray for favourable coverage or planting paid news (Press Council of India, 2010). This paid news was surfaced at three levels. At the first level, the reader of the newspaper or the viewer of the television programs is misled into considering that what is fundamentally an advertisement is in point of fact, in parallel presented news reports. At the second level, the practice of paid news was surfaced by not authoritatively saying publicly the expenses incurred on placing paid new s items. In that case the candidate in election fray defies the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, which are purposed to be put into effect by the Election Commission of India underneath the Representation of the People Act, 1951. At the third level , paid news taking place through not accounting for the riches received from candidates, the related media houses or their people as journalists , as they are violating the provisions of the Companies Act, 1956 with that of the Income Tax Act, 1961, in doing so(Press Council of India, 2010). A part of Indian media extensively reported the occurrences of paid during the period 15th General Election and in the subsequent times. Further articles about paid news practices in Indian media too drew the attention of foreign media and foreign newspapers , particularly Wall Street Journal , the Guardian and the Independent pointed towards the alarming situation arising out due to paid news in India media (Thakurta and Reddy, 2010). The fact is that the occurrence of paid news has acquired sober extent in the world of Indian media. Nowadays, it goes away from the dishonesty of the particular media person and media house and has turned out to be invasive, structured and very much planned, and in this progression it is challenging the Indian democratic value. Paid news is now limited not only to cash payment but various forms of favours and malpractices. Let us discuss some cases in this regard. As regards a notable and serious case of paid news, the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009 is worth mentioning. During the elections of Maharashtra Assembly, Ashok Chavan as candidate made beneficial use of the print media in the forms of regional and national papers through giving advertisements. The paid news stories and editorials in the form of advertisements were published with and with no bylines in newspapers (Lund   and Thomas, 2012). The issue was  exposed by  a reputed national English daily Hindu that campaign advertisements in support of Mr. Chavan (who was contesting from Bhokar in the 2009 Assembly poll), were issued in Marathi newspapers, masking them as news items. The news was reported by Rural Affairs editor, P. Sainath of Hindu revealing much as regards the coverage that took place pre polls in Maharashtra. There was a wide-ranging coverage of Mr Chavan who as Chief Minister by the local media that comprised the largest circulated Lokmat too. Shoc kingly Chavan claimed that he had submitted the expenditure of those advertising to the District Election Officer , but the fact was that Mr. Chavan had not mentioned the money spent on such advertisements in his election expenses accounts and therefore was violation of Election Commission rules (Balaji, 2012). This was the second level of paid news as defined by Election Commission. Perhaps it was the first major reported case of paid news during elections. Case was filed against Mr. Chavan in the court by the candidates and it is currently in Supreme Court. Certainly this case was a wake up call for both Election Commission and Indian media, and as a result now during every election there are watchful eyes on paid news practices by Election Commission and some sections of media that operate ethically and responsibly. However, paid news is not full of life all through elections per se. Paid news has as well taken the shape of hush-hush contract where the media firms enters into a a greement with the organizations or corporate houses and money is are exchanged for advertising deals. A number of such cases have been found recently in Indian media. The case of paid news in Commonwealth Games is too worth mentioning. What notable is that the expression paid news does not essentially signify the news is paid for in the form of money or cash and this was made apparent during the Commonwealth Games that was organsed in New Delhi in 2010. It was certainly shocking how no newspaper or media person wrote about downbeat facets of the Games organization and the other linked facet till the last hours. However, in a report on a web portal titled Suresh Kalmadi met with officials of top media companies and urged them to support the games, revealed everything of what we talk about paid news. No wonder therefore simultaneously the English daily with the biggest circulation in India arrived with a pitch for getting hold of the status of the official newspaper og the Game and for the same it would offer particular attribute such Commonwealth Games quiz, seminars, marathon and even a Coffee table book. The pitch as well very bigheartedly added that We do not solicit any financial assistance from Commonwealth Ga mes for the above activities apart from regular advertising support for encouragement The most shocking component of the pitch was it assured that a few of its editorials, which are believed to be the non partial critical view of the editor, would exclusively focal point on the Games in a convincing non- advertising set-up. The newspaper as well mentioned the editorial content chart for landmark days such as Republic (Banerjee and Gigani, 2011). Definitely this was the case of paid and the question arises as whether endeavouring to get a collaborator position is ethical or unethical, moreover the question here rather is whether the line up amid news and advertisement is vague. Here if an advertisement attribute is offered as news the Right to Information is breached. In such case, the readers or viewers are deprived of a right picture and is made to suppose whatever is presented to them. This case is nothing but selling of editorials by the newspaper and undeniably a serious and fit case of paid news offense. The cases of paid news has badly hit the world of Indian media in recent years, and in this context one of most notable revealing has had been the paid news issue linked to Radia Tapes. This has been the most notably talked about issues in the Indian media as far as paid news is concerned, where the nexus is found between corporate houses, government authorities, corporate lobbyists and eminent journalists. The Radia tape has more drawn the attention towards the fact as how eminent senior journalists make use of their influence to strive and weaken the functioning of the government of India, than how media houses are taking money to publish or broadcast news. However, taking money to publish or broadcast news is worse, for the reason that it is all invasive from the smallest newspaper to the major news channel. We can understand that there are few sections in the media who have the sort of influence that is required to influence government, in the mode in which it was exposed in the Radia Tapes. But definitely the case is an eye-opening. Notably here the Radia tapes storm relates to the taped and released telephonic tà ªte-à  -tà ªte amid Niira Radia, a corporate lobbyist and a segment of politicians, corporate house owners bureaucrats and journalists that were taped by the Department of Income Tax for the period of 2008-09. The tape of telephonic tà ªte-à  -tà ªte reveals the lobbyist Radia stating that media is  greedy. The newspapers which had covered Radia tapes notably lost the advertisement from the corporate house of Tata. The report of this case draws our attention towards the negation in depending on advertising for revenue and simultaneously attempting to take action to the amplified professional rivalry which necessitates quality news reporting (Reddy, 2011).  Instead of coming with quality news reporting, newspapers and news channels taking the corrupt route of paid news. As per a latest study (Singh, 2012) approximately 10 percent of news in the newspapers is paid news , however the fact is that there is across-the-board corruption and fraudulent practices in Indian media. Yes not all news is paid news, but page 3 of newspapers in most cases is paid news and all the social activities that are found in newspapers are reported after receiving payment in cash and other forms. Even in the business section of the newspapers is too there is practice of paid news and a definite percentage of news is business section is paid news. Worth to mention here, corporate controlling in the media has had grown recently for the reason that of the cash, the editors post had been demoted. Corporate currency is required to run the national media and if demoted the clout of an editor the more will demote the editorial sections of the newspapers. Next comes the role of the central and state governments controlling news newspapers for their favour. These suggest that India media is today diseased to cancer of corruption in the form of paid news where both corporate houses and governments are contributing to demote the position of media from worse to worst. In such critical situation if Indian media fails to respond ethically and responsible, there will be serious challenge to its position democracys fourth pillar. As George (2012) aptly argues that the unethical character of paid news is so deceitful that one would think no newspaper or news channel organization would carry out such things, although the fact is that such thoughts are planned and started on by the nations main and esteemed newspapers and media houses . The control of a media house that is money-making is such as the sway of  chickungunia as spreading hasty. The plan of paid news has spread fast enough to be converted into one of the shames of contemporary time.  The media houses are crossing the boundary and it is ethically shoddier. What shocking is that even Rupert Murdoch did no t have the courage to bring in ideas that have turned into dishonorable in the world of Indian media that is paid news and the dishonest practice of hush-hush contracts. The section of media carrying out such fraudulent practices is nothing but cheating with the democracy and abusing the trust of citizens. This is worst of what we can expect from Indian media. The high time has arrived not only for media to behave more ethically and responsibly, but to make regulations to control paid news practices. SUMMARY The practice that entails currency in getting dishonorably media space by the recipients continues to be a central issue in India all through the recent past. The caner of paid news is found to be damaging the honour and esteem of the media leading to peoples decreasing trust in reported news and the journalists. The unfortunate situation is that despite the condition of being grave the media as a whole is yet to recognise this catastrophe of confidence. Instead of taking the responsibility, the big national media houses and media persons are quiet pleased to blame the language media and other institutions and themselves take up a holier than thou position. As regards a notable and serious case of paid news, the case of Maharashtra Assembly elections in 2009 is worth mentioning. During the elections of Maharashtra Assembly in 2009, the them Chief Minister Mr. Ashok Chavan as candidate made beneficial use of the print media in the forms of regional and national papers through giving a dvertisements. However, expression paid news does not essentially signify the news is paid for in the form of money or cash and this was made apparent during the Commonwealth Games. The Radia tape has more drawn the attention towards the fact as how eminent senior journalists make use of their influence to strive and weaken the functioning of the government of India, than how media houses are taking money to publish or broadcast news. However, taking money to publish or broadcast news is worse. Just about 10 percent of news in the newspapers is paid news; however the fact is that there is across-the-board corruption and fraudulent practices in Indian media. The unethical character of paid news is so deceitful that one would think no newspaper or news channel organization would carry out such things, although the fact is that such thoughts are planned and started on by the nations main and esteemed newspapers and media houses. The section of media carrying out such fraudulent practic es is nothing but cheating with the democracy and abusing the trust of citizens. Therefore, there requires urgent control on this both internally and externally.

Use of Setting and Description in David Maloufs Johnno Essay examples

Use of Setting and Description in Johnno Throughout Johnno descriptions of settings relating to houses and buildings enable the reader to obtain an insight into the character of Dante. Malouf captures images with powerful force, creating depth to the characters. Specific details that may be deemed inappropriate are enhanced to provide meaning and show how characters respond and feel toward places. Malouf effectively uses images to reinforce attitudes, feelings and emotions. Though the descriptions are long and detailed, they are worthwhile and evocative. Many of the descriptions are symbolic, such as the descriptions of the garden. Malouf’s use of language is casual, which enhances the story, causing it to come alive. Through Malouf’s descriptions of each house he creates an atmosphere to reflect the characters’ feelings. The house of Dante’s childhood was a place of freedom and discovery. With a vast garden, there was continual change, with a comfortable and pleasant environment. The next house his family lived in was built based on his fathers dreams, modern and superficial. It was filled with furniture and material that was hostile and restricting, especially for a child. Malouf describes the house of Dante’s childhood with words of freedom, revealing the memories through the eyes of a child. The old house represented a freedom, a casual yet organized environment. The old house was described as mysterious, ‘a wilderness transformed into a suburban farmlet’ Malouf captures the settings by words that cause the description to be relived, the thought of an adult, transformed into the active words of a child. Expressing the emotions, that a child would feel, capturing the small aspects that made an impression. Â   ... ...an to want more from his environment and through looking at what the rest of the world had to offer it caused him to desire change and growth and to search for it. What he had compared to others was not satisfying, not good enough, causing him to despise what he had. Outdoors-river widens to a broad stream, low mud flaps on one side, pelicans, native pines, high creeper covered walls. The outside atmosphere of the house brings no pleasure to Dante, the environment seem only an image, he cannot make himself a part of it. ‘It’s a house I have never got used to’ Dante misses the sounds and atmosphere of the old house. The change to the modern is an aspect that he has difficulty adapting to. The growing dislike of each house has brought him to the point of hating his entire environment. ‘My loyalties remain where my feelings are, at the old house’ Â  

Power and Ambition

William Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, is the story of a usurping General, Lord Macbeth, and his wife Lady Macbeth who are driven to murder their king in pursuit of the throne and power. The tragedy has multiple reoccurring themes and motifs, of which Shakespeare uses many aesthetic features to effectively develop and enhance. One such theme is Masculinity vs. Femininity which resounds throughout the entirety of the play and is a central focus point during many events.Shakespeare uses imagery, symbolism and metaphor very effectively during the course of the play to augment and pinpoint important developments and changes to the characters and their states of masculinity and femininity. At the time that Shakespeare wrote his plays the values and attitudes were vastly different to those of modern society. Women were considered the fairer sex while men were considered the dominant sex. Similar essay: If I Become A Collector EssayIn Macbeth, this view is approached with the idea that masculinity carried with it the ability to kill and commit sin while femininity in its ideal was softer, gentler and comprised of virtue. Shakespeare demonstrates this ideal very early in the play when, in Act 1, Scene 5, Lady Macbeth calls out, â€Å"Come you spirits that tend on human thoughts! Unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top full of direst cruelty. † This happens directly after receiving notice from her husband that the witches’ prophecy had come true and that the king was to be joining them in their castle.At this point in the play she is asking the spirits to take away her femininity, a literal unsexing, and fill her with a ‘direst cruelty’ that she, as a woman, did not already possess so that she could have the ability to kill her king. This idea of femininity causing an inability to kill, indeed needing to become masculine to be able to commit the crime demonstrates Shakespeare’s ideal of women being pure while men have evil in their very being. The use of this imagery and figurative language, ‘direst cruelty’ and ‘unsex me now’, in this scene underlines this ideal and highlights Shakespeare’s view on femininity and masculinity.Another aspect of Shakespeare’s portrayal of women as incapable of sin relates directly to the view of women at the time the play was written. The medieval view of women, in that they were weaker, less intelligent and meant for menial work and child rearing; and the subsequent opposite view of males, being that they were the money earners, the soldiers, and thus full of courage and honour is very easily seen through Shakespeare’s language throughout Macbeth. In Act 4 Scene 3, Macduff says, ‘O!I could play the woman with mine eyes’ after being informed that his children and his wife had just been murdered in the home that he had run from. By implying that weeping is a womanly attribute and saying that he as a man should not do it, it again highlights the idea that women were weaker and softer in their femininity then men were in their masculinity. This weakness and its symbolized lack of physical strength, shows again, Shakespeare’s view of women as the weaker sex and their subsequent inability to commit murder or other atrocious acts.Yet another instance of Shakespeare’s obvious separation of femininity from sin is in the scene where Lady Macbeth is convincing Lord Macbeth to kill King Duncan. Lady Macbeth cows Lord Macbeth by asking him â€Å"With thou esteem’st the ornament of life, and live a coward in thine own self-esteem, letting ‘I dare not’ wait upon ‘I would’, like the poor cat I’ the adage? † This line and its subsequent imagery of a cat wanting the fish but afraid of the water shows that Shakespeare believes that to be a ma n is to go after his true desires regardless of the consequences.At this point in time, Lady Macbeth has been unsexed and is using her new found masculinity to manipulate and force Lord Macbeth into fulfilling her own desires, something that she was not capable of when she was a woman. This is a doubled example of masculinity’s ingrained sin; Lady Macbeth is manipulating Lord Macbeth by questioning his manhood and as a result to prove his virility and strength he will commit murder. By proving his masculinity in this way, through murder and evil, it shows that Shakespeare believed men to be the only ones capable of sin.Throughout Macbeth, the theme of Masculinity vs. Femininity is developed and expanded upon using imagery and symbolism. Shakespeare manipulates language conventions to demonstrate the idea of the feminine sex being incapable of murder and sin while men and their subsequent masculinity is the root of such evil acts. At the time that Shakespeare wrote his plays t he values and attitudes were vastly different to those of modern society and as such his ideals and views reflect these medieval interpretations of women being the weaker sex while men were dominant.From Lady Macbeth’s plea to be unsexed, to Macduff’s implication of crying being a weak response of women and then to Lady Macbeth’s manipulation of her husband after being filled with the ‘direst cruelty’ of masculinity, Shakespeare’s language shows his view on Masculinity vs. Femininity. Through his imagery and symbolism, his opinion that women are incapable of evil in their feminine state becomes very clear and Macbeth becomes almost a warning to the fairer sex; do not lose your femininity and thus your purity.

Dove and Manchester United †the Effectiveness of the Marketing Concepts and Principals Essay

I have been asked to produce a clear set of notes to go with my presentation of Dove and Manchester United fully comparing the effectiveness of the marketing concepts and principals. First of all I am going to start comparing the similarities of the aims of the two businesses. This is that Manchester United wants to become the best football club on and off the pitch. Dove has a similar aim which is trying to grow its brand of the real beauty campaign for women. This will be effective for both branding companies as they will become one of the top sellers when it comes to future high standards. Promotion Same- Manchester United and Dove communicate the promotion of their product by using the media like for e.g. TV. This leads to attracting more of the public households. Another technique used to promote their product is by In-Store displays, this leads to attracting customers as well as communicating where the item is going to be sold at. They both also promote on their websites this leads to more information on that product as well as other products of their brand being available. Different- The communication through TV can be different as Manchester United have their own channel called â€Å"MUTV†, whereas, Dove only provide a 5 minute advertisement on their product. The two different methods that Manchester united use are the pitch and the players themselves this is because a football club is part of leisure/ hobbies. This leads to fans seeing more of the product. Dove uses magazines to promote their Pro-Age product as this leads to attracting more females as this product is part of a real women campaign who are aged over 40. Effectiveness- Dove is effective in reaching its target market as they communicate the product using many ways of the media as they know that every household has at least one modern technology item so the message will definitely reach the target market. Place Same- Both Dove and Manchester united sell their products/services in the high streets because they know most of the public shop there. This leads to customers not having to travel long distances for the items they require. This is the only same technique both Dove and Manchester united use to sell their products. Dove- supermarkets- Boots, Super drugs, etc. Manchester united- Nike, JD, JJB, etc. Different- Manchester united sells a huge amount of its products portfolio through its website because it is faster for orders to be made and paid for. The website also allows fans to require information of the products sold and another reason it is appropriate is because the public (fans) know that the goods they have bought are original not copies. Dove does not recommend this method because it would refer for a large postal charge as depended on the weight of the product/s. Effectiveness- Dove’s choice of place to sell the product is very effective because it is in the high street where the local public go, so this leads to people not having to travel further than there high street to buy the product so they are what tend to be happy customers. This also would be recommended to other females so the brand gains more profit and this leads to having to manufacture and sell more of that product. Manchester united has chosen an effective place which is via their website. It is effective because this way customers get a wider range of items to choose from and buy. So this leads to selling more merchandise as people will want to buy more of their products e.g. if a person wanted to buy a mug and saw a larger variety of products then they will end up buying a lot more like for example buying an extra t-shirt and an extra mouse mat to go with their computer. Price Same- Dove’s pricing strategy for the Pro-Age product would be from  £2-15 depending entirely on the manufacturing size of the product like for example 15ml/ 30ml. They understand that the product is aimed at households with real women of all ages over 40 and all different ethnicity’s/ backgrounds. This also would depend on the same products pricing but of a different brand like for example Nivea, this would lead to competitors prices dropping to match or under-cutting the other brands so that the competition increases between all the leading brands. Manchester united, however, have to base their product pricing at a fixed rate with the competitors club/ business because fans will not be happy and will end up in an argument. The pricing depends on the individual name and number on the back of the t-shirt like for example Ronaldo- number 7 would be at the highest fixed rate as he is the best player for Manchester united. The prices vary from  £46-57 after that. Appropriate- Dove’s pricing is appropriate as it is used as a daily product so spending  £2-15 for a product is reasonable in this case. Manchester united’s pricing is also appropriate as they are popular to their fans especially and they have set their aim of becoming the best football club on and off the pitch so this would lead to gaining more profit. Product Type- Dove manufactures their products for beauty range of women. These are not just a limited type of women; these are women of all shapes and sizes, ethnicity and age over 40. The beauty products of Dove are required for every household as it is a leading brand product but it is also a product that helps allow women to pamper themselves and look after their skin. Manchester united, on the other hand, manufactures and sells their products to fans of the football club as this method shows the players and other fans supporting competitors that Manchester united has got a large supporting fan base showing wisdom to their team. This leads to helping Manchester united to achieve their aim of becoming the best football club on and off the pitch. Range- The range of products from Dove varies around the 100 real women beauty campaign. This is because they are focusing on achieving their aim which is to grow its brand in the real beauty campaign. Whereas, Manchester united set out a larger variety of products because they want to keep ahead of the competitiveness by producing a lot more products but keeping a fixed rate on prices, this leads to fans expecting more products being purchased into the market and spending more money this helps Manchester united increasing the percentage of profits. Compare- Both Manchester united and Dove want to be a successful brand focusing on their target market. They produce and manufacture a whole range of products developing their ideas to make them suitable for the target market. The only difference is that the target market for each individual brand are different towards one another as Dove target women over 40 and Manchester united target both boy/men and girls/women who are into football as part of either leisure time or as a hobby. Effectiveness- Dove is effective in producing the appropriate product range and type as they know exactly who their target market is. This helps them develop their ideas because the testing of the product helps the brand understand if their product is suitable for these women in the public or if it actually needs to be developed meeting the customer’s needs and wants from the product. Manchester united is effective in producing the correct range and type of products as well because they know who their target market is but the difference between Manchester united and Dove is that Manchester united has a fan base with all ages and also it targets men as well as women. I am now going to go onto comparing how Manchester united and Dove apply to the 4 principals of marketing to their products effectively. Then I going to go onto which of the two businesses has applied to the marketing principals effectively. Manchester united- for this I am going to give you an example of either a product/ service. So I have decided that my example will be of a service which is accommodating events like for example weddings, birthdays, etc. 1. The first one is â€Å"the understanding of the needs and wants of the consumer†. Manchester United would do this by communicating with the customer between the date that they came to see the accommodation and the date they want to use the accommodation for their event so in between that time they have to look after the customers wants and needs like for example the customer wants a wedding and the colour theme is white and pink so they have to give feedback to each other if there are any problems and if everything is going according to plan. 2. The second one would be â€Å"keeping ahead of competition†. They would do this by providing their accommodation at a cheaper price that others or by simply providing more quantity for the same price. Like for example if the price was for a particular amount of people say for example 350 then for the same price they can allow 420 people to come so that their reputation becomes higher than other accommodations 3. The third principle of marketing for the business would be the effective communication with consumers. This means that Manchester United as â€Å"Old Trafford would have to contact the customers who are locating their event at the accommodation informing them of any problems and also informing the customers if their needs and wants are being responded to. 4. The final principle for Manchester United â€Å"Old Trafford† would be the need of Utilising new technology for the customers and the employees at Manchester United. This would lead to all work being completed faster and if there are any changes to be made for the event then the whole description does not need to be re-written.